Japanese Business Glossary

業種 (gyoshu) means "industry" or "type of business" in Japanese. It refers to the classification of businesses or economic activities based on the nature of their operations or the products and services they provide. Examples of gyoshu include manufacturing, retail, finance, healthcare, and information technology. Identifying the gyoshu of a company is important for various purposes such as market analysis, regulatory compliance, and economic reporting. Understanding the specific gyoshu helps in assessing industry trends, competition, and business strategies relevant to that sector. It provides a framework for organizing and analyzing economic activities within a specific field.

決算書 (kessansho) means "financial statement" in Japanese. It refers to the official documents that summarize the financial activities and condition of a business over a specific period, usually a fiscal year. A kessansho typically includes the balance sheet, income statement, and cash flow statement. These documents provide detailed information about a company's assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses, and cash flows, offering insights into its financial health and performance. Preparing and presenting kessansho is essential for compliance with regulatory requirements, informing stakeholders, and making strategic business decisions. It ensures transparency and accountability in financial reporting.

要請 (yosei) means "request" or "demand" in Japanese. It refers to the act of asking for something formally or earnestly. This term is often used in official, professional, or formal contexts where an individual, organization, or government entity makes a request for assistance, action, or information from another party. For example, a government may issue a yosei for emergency aid during a natural disaster, or a company might send a yosei to a supplier for additional materials.

取引 (torihiki) means "transaction" or "deal" in Japanese. It refers to the act of conducting business or trading goods, services, or financial instruments between two or more parties. This term is commonly used in various contexts, such as commercial transactions, financial markets, and everyday business dealings. A torihiki can involve buying, selling, exchanging, or negotiating terms to reach an agreement. The process typically includes discussions, negotiations, and the fulfillment of agreed-upon terms. Effective torihiki is essential for building trust, maintaining good business relationships, and ensuring the smooth operation of commerce and trade.

売却 (baikyaku) means "sale" or "disposal" in Japanese. It refers to the act of selling or transferring ownership of an asset, property, or goods in exchange for money. This term is commonly used in various contexts, such as real estate, business, and finance. For instance, a company might engage in baikyaku of its non-core assets to raise capital or streamline operations. In real estate, baikyaku involves selling property, such as land or buildings, to another party. The process of baikyaku typically includes determining the value of the asset, finding a buyer, negotiating terms, and completing the transaction. Understanding baikyaku is important for effective asset management and financial planning.

有効性 (yukosei) is a Japanese term that translates to "effectiveness" or "efficacy" in English. It refers to the degree to which something is successful in producing a desired result or the ability of a particular intervention, strategy, or action to achieve its intended goals. In a business context, yukosei is often used to evaluate the performance of a project, the impact of marketing campaigns, the efficiency of business processes, or the effectiveness of management strategies. Assessing yukosei involves analyzing outcomes, measuring performance against set objectives, and determining how well resources are utilized to achieve optimal results.