Japanese Business Glossary

吟醸酒 (ginjoshu) in Japanese refers to a type of high-quality sake, which is a traditional Japanese rice wine. Ginjoshu is characterized by its brewing process, which involves polishing the rice grains to at least 60% of their original size to remove impurities and enhance the flavor. The sake is then fermented at lower temperatures for a longer period, resulting in a more refined, fragrant, and complex beverage.

Ginjoshu typically has a light, fruity, and floral aroma with a smooth and clean taste, making it a popular choice for sake enthusiasts. The meticulous brewing process and high-quality ingredients used in Ginjoshu distinguish it from other types of sake, contributing to its premium status.

記録 (kiroku) in Japanese means "record" or "documentation." This term refers to the act of capturing and preserving information or data for future reference. Kiroku can encompass various forms, such as written notes, digital files, audio recordings, and video footage.

In business and administrative contexts, kiroku is essential for maintaining accurate accounts of transactions, meetings, decisions, and other significant events. Proper documentation ensures transparency, accountability, and compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. It also aids in the analysis, retrieval, and sharing of information, supporting effective decision-making and operational efficiency.

対象 (taisho) in Japanese means "target," "subject," "object," or "focus." It is used to refer to something or someone that is the focus of attention or action. For example, in business, it might refer to the target market or audience. In a research context, it can indicate the subject of study or investigation. The term is versatile and can be applied in various situations where a specific target or focus needs to be identified. Understanding the context in which "対象" is used is crucial for accurate interpretation.

炭化水素 (tankasuiso) is a Japanese term that translates to "hydrocarbon" in English. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon atoms. They are the primary components of fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas.

Hydrocarbons can be classified into different categories based on their structure. Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with single bonds between carbon atoms, such as methane and ethane. Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between carbon atoms, such as ethylene and propylene. Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one triple bond between carbon atoms, such as acetylene. Aromatic hydrocarbons contain one or more aromatic rings, such as benzene and toluene.

Hydrocarbons are significant in various industries, including energy production, manufacturing of plastics and chemicals, and as raw materials for a wide range of products. They play a crucial role in the global economy and everyday life.

電話加入権 (denwa kanyuken) is a Japanese term that translates to "telephone subscription right" or "telephone line ownership" in English. It refers to the right to use a fixed telephone line provided by a telecommunications company. This concept was particularly relevant in Japan before the liberalization of the telecommunications market when obtaining a telephone line required purchasing this right.

In the past, individuals or businesses needed to purchase denwa kanyuken as a prerequisite to having a telephone line installed. This right could be bought, sold, or transferred and was considered an asset. However, with the deregulation and modernization of the telecommunications industry, the requirement for denwa kanyuken has been largely abolished, making it easier and less costly for people to obtain telephone services.

取得 (shutoku) is a Japanese term that translates to "acquisition" or "obtaining" in English. It refers to the act of gaining possession or ownership of something through purchase, inheritance, or other means.

In a business context, 取得 can relate to acquiring assets, property, rights, or shares in a company. For example, a company may 取得 another business to expand its operations or acquire new technologies. It can also refer to individuals acquiring qualifications, skills, or certifications.

The term emphasizes the process of gaining control or ownership of an asset or right, often implying a formal or legal procedure.