Japanese Business Glossary

給与所得者の基礎控除申告書 (kyūyo shotokusha no kiso kojo shinkokusho) is a tax document in Japan used by salary earners to claim the basic tax deduction for employment income. This form allows salary earners to claim a standard tax deduction from their employment income, reducing their overall taxable income. Typically, all employees who receive a salary need to submit this form to their employer. The form is usually filled out and submitted at the beginning of the employment or at the start of each year. It requires personal details such as name, address, and My Number (individual number), as well as information about dependents. The completed form is submitted to the employer, who then uses the information to calculate the employee's tax withholding. By submitting this form, employees ensure they receive the basic tax deduction, which reduces the amount of tax withheld from their monthly salary. Employers then use the information provided to adjust the amount of income tax deducted from the employee's paycheck accordingly.

生命保険料控除 (seimei hokenryo kojo) is a tax deduction available to individuals who have paid life insurance premiums. It allows taxpayers to reduce their taxable income, thereby potentially lowering the amount of income tax they owe.

You must have paid premiums for life insurance, medical insurance, or individual annuities. These premiums can be for policies that cover you, your spouse, or your dependents. There are maximum limits to the amount you can deduct based on the type of insurance. For policies taken out after January 1, 2012, the maximum deduction is ¥40,000 for general life insurance, ¥40,000 for medical insurance, and ¥40,000 for individual annuities. For policies taken out before January 1, 2012, the maximum deduction is ¥50,000 for life insurance and ¥50,000 for individual annuities. The amount you can deduct depends on the premiums you have paid. You need to calculate the deduction separately for each type of insurance and then sum them up.

To claim this deduction, you need to submit proof of the premiums paid, which is usually provided by the insurance company in the form of a certificate. By claiming the life insurance premium deduction, you can reduce your taxable income, which may lead to a lower tax bill. It's a beneficial way to take advantage of the premiums paid for life insurance and related policies.

所得控除の額の合計額 (shotoku kojo no gaku no gokeigaku) means the total amount of income deductions in Japanese. This term represents the sum of all deductions that can be subtracted from an individual's gross income to determine their taxable income. These deductions may include various types such as basic deductions, dependent deductions, social insurance premiums, and others. The total amount of these deductions helps to reduce the overall tax liability for the taxpayer.

保険料控除 (hokenryo kojo) means insurance premium deduction in Japanese. This is a tax deduction available in Japan for individuals who pay premiums for certain types of insurance. By claiming this deduction, taxpayers can reduce their taxable income, which in turn lowers their overall tax liability.

Insurance types that may qualify for this deduction include life insurance, earthquake insurance, and private pension insurance. To claim the deduction, taxpayers must submit relevant documentation, such as receipts or certificates of payment, when filing their annual tax return or during the year-end adjustment process through their employer.

控除額 (kojo gaku) means deduction amount, which refers to the specific amount that can be subtracted from a taxpayer's gross income or taxable amount, thereby reducing their overall tax liability. Deductions can come from various sources such as personal exemptions, business expenses, insurance premiums, and other qualifying expenses. Tax deductions help to lower the taxable income and, consequently, the amount of tax owed.

別居の配偶者 (bekkyo no haiguusha) refers to a spouse who is living separately from their partner. This can occur for various reasons, such as work assignments, personal differences, or other circumstances that require one spouse to live in a different location.

In legal and tax contexts in Japan, the status of a spouse who is living separately can impact certain benefits, deductions, and declarations. For example, if you are supporting a spouse living separately, you may still be eligible for certain tax deductions or allowances, provided specific conditions are met.

Understanding the implications of having a separately living spouse is important for accurately filing taxes and managing legal responsibilities.