投資顧問 (toshi komon) refers to an investment advisor or investment advisory services in Japanese. This term is used to describe professionals or firms that provide advice and guidance on investment decisions, portfolio management, and financial planning to individuals, businesses, or institutions.

A toshi komon helps clients make informed decisions about how to allocate their assets, which securities to invest in, and how to manage investment risks. They may offer services such as analyzing market trends, recommending specific investments, creating diversified portfolios, and monitoring and adjusting investment strategies based on changing market conditions or the client’s financial goals.

These advisors typically possess expertise in financial markets, investment products, and economic trends, enabling them to provide tailored advice that aligns with the client's risk tolerance, investment objectives, and time horizon. In Japan, toshi komon services are regulated to ensure that advisors act in the best interests of their clients, maintaining transparency, and adhering to ethical standards.

発起人 (hokkinin) refers to a promoter or founder in Japanese. This term is used to describe an individual or a group of individuals who take the initiative to establish a new company, organization, or project.

The hokkinin are responsible for the initial planning, organization, and legal formalities required to set up the entity. In the context of company incorporation, they prepare and file the necessary documents, such as the articles of incorporation, with the relevant authorities. They may also secure initial funding, recruit key personnel, and establish the company’s strategic direction.

The role of hokkinin is crucial in the early stages of a business or organization as they lay the groundwork for its future operations and growth. They often continue to be involved in the organization as shareholders, directors, or key executives, although their exact roles and responsibilities can vary depending on the structure and needs of the entity they have established.

抵当権者 (teitokensha) refers to a mortgagee or lienholder in Japanese. This term is used to describe the person or entity that holds a mortgage or a lien on a property as security for a loan. In the context of a mortgage, the teitokensha is typically a bank or financial institution that has provided a loan to the borrower (who is the property owner) and, in return, has a legal claim on the property until the loan is fully repaid.

The rights of the teitokensha include the ability to foreclose on the property if the borrower defaults on the loan. This means the mortgagee can sell the property to recover the outstanding loan amount. The mortgagee’s claim on the property takes precedence over other creditors, ensuring that they have the first right to the proceeds from any sale of the property.

The concept of teitokensha is fundamental in secured lending, as it provides lenders with a level of assurance and security, reducing the risk associated with lending large sums of money. For borrowers, it means they can access significant funds by using their property as collateral, though they must adhere to the loan terms to avoid foreclosure.

特別損失 (tokubetsu sonshitsu) refers to extraordinary losses in Japanese. This term is used in accounting and financial reporting to describe significant, non-recurring losses that do not arise from the normal operations of a business. These losses are considered exceptional and are typically reported separately from regular operating expenses to provide a clearer picture of a company's financial performance.

Examples of tokubetsu sonshitsu might include losses from natural disasters, significant asset write-downs, restructuring costs, litigation settlements, or losses from the sale of a subsidiary or major asset. By categorizing these losses as tokubetsu sonshitsu, companies can help investors and stakeholders understand the impact of unusual or infrequent events on their financial results.

The reporting of tokubetsu sonshitsu is important for transparency and accurate financial analysis, as it distinguishes between the ongoing operational performance of a company and the effects of extraordinary events. This separation allows for a more accurate assessment of a company's profitability and financial health.

情報通信業 (joho tsushin gyou) refers to the information and communications industry in Japan. This sector encompasses businesses and services involved in the production, processing, and dissemination of information, as well as those that facilitate communication. Key components of joho tsushin gyou include telecommunications companies, internet service providers, software development firms, information technology services, and media companies.

These businesses provide essential infrastructure and services that support the digital economy, enabling the transmission of data, voice, and video through various platforms and technologies. The information and communications industry plays a vital role in driving innovation, enhancing connectivity, and supporting economic growth. It also contributes significantly to the development of smart technologies, digital transformation, and the overall modernization of society.

法人登記 (houjin touki) refers to the process of corporate registration in Japan. This procedure involves officially registering a company as a legal entity with the relevant governmental authorities, which is necessary for the company to operate legally within the country.

The process begins with the preparation of necessary documents, including the Articles of Incorporation, which outline the company's purpose, structure, and other fundamental details. This document must be notarized. The next step involves appointing directors and auditors, and determining the company's capital and shares. Once these elements are in place, the company must file an application for registration with the Legal Affairs Bureau.

Houjin touki provides the company with a legal status, allowing it to engage in various business activities, enter into contracts, open bank accounts, and protect its business name and trademarks. It also ensures that the company is recognized by the government for taxation and regulatory purposes.

Successful registration results in the issuance of a registration certificate, which includes vital information such as the company's name, address, capital, and representatives. This certificate is often required for various business operations, including securing loans, leasing property, and establishing business relationships.

Overall, houjin touki is a crucial step in setting up a business in Japan, ensuring legal compliance and providing a solid foundation for the company's operations.