差し押さえ (sashiosae) in Japanese means "seizure" or "attachment." This term refers to the legal process of taking possession of a person's or entity's property by authority of a court or legal body, typically due to non-payment of debt or other financial obligations.

Sashiosae can involve various types of assets, including bank accounts, real estate, vehicles, and other valuable properties. The purpose of this action is to secure the fulfillment of a debt or judgment by selling the seized assets and using the proceeds to pay off the owed amount. It is a serious legal measure and usually follows formal procedures, ensuring that the rights of both the debtor and creditor are considered. Understanding and managing sashiosae is crucial for maintaining financial and legal compliance.

The 民事再生法 (Minji Saiseiho), known in English as the Civil Rehabilitation Act, is a Japanese law that provides a legal framework for financially distressed companies to restructure their debts and business operations. This law aims to help businesses avoid bankruptcy by facilitating a rehabilitation process that allows them to continue operating while repaying creditors under more manageable terms. The Civil Rehabilitation Act enables a company to propose a rehabilitation plan, which must be approved by a majority of creditors and confirmed by the court. This process is designed to protect the interests of both the company and its creditors, promoting a fair and efficient resolution to financial difficulties.

公益財団法人 (koeki zaidan hojin) refers to a Public Interest Incorporated Foundation in Japan. This type of legal entity is established to conduct activities that promote the public good, such as educational, cultural, scientific, and social welfare initiatives. Public Interest Incorporated Foundations are recognized by the Japanese government for their contributions to society and must meet specific criteria and regulations to maintain their status.

These foundations operate under strict governance and transparency standards, ensuring that their activities align with their stated public interest goals. They can receive tax benefits and donations, which further support their efforts to contribute positively to society. Public Interest Incorporated Foundations play a vital role in addressing various societal needs and enhancing community well-being in Japan.

破産管財人 (hasan kanzainin) is a Japanese term for a bankruptcy trustee, an individual appointed by the court to oversee the process of a bankruptcy case. The primary role of the hasan kanzainin is to manage the debtor's assets, ensure fair and orderly distribution to creditors, and handle various administrative tasks associated with the bankruptcy proceedings.

This trustee has the authority to investigate the financial affairs of the debtor, recover assets, liquidate property, and distribute the proceeds among the creditors according to the legal priorities. The appointment of a hasan kanzainin aims to ensure transparency and fairness in the bankruptcy process, protecting the interests of both the creditors and the debtor. By overseeing these procedures, the hasan kanzainin plays a crucial role in the resolution of financial distress and the enforcement of bankruptcy laws in Japan.

卸売業 (oroshiurigyo) is the Japanese term for wholesale business, which involves selling goods in large quantities to retailers, other businesses, or institutions rather than to the end consumers. Wholesalers act as intermediaries between manufacturers and retailers, purchasing products in bulk and distributing them to various outlets.

This business model allows manufacturers to reach a broader market without managing numerous small transactions and helps retailers and other businesses access a wide range of products from different manufacturers through a single source. Oroshiurigyo plays a crucial role in the supply chain by ensuring the efficient distribution of goods, reducing costs through economies of scale, and maintaining inventory management.

In Japan, wholesale businesses are essential for the smooth operation of the market, providing a link between production and retail and facilitating the flow of goods from producers to consumers.

副本 (fukuhon) is a Japanese term that refers to a duplicate or copy of an original document. This copy is created to serve as an official record or for reference purposes, ensuring that the information contained in the original document is preserved and accessible without risking damage or loss to the original.

Fukuhon is commonly used in various administrative, legal, and business contexts, where maintaining accurate and accessible records is crucial. For example, a fukuhon of a contract might be kept by both parties involved, or a company might maintain copies of important financial documents for auditing and compliance purposes.