出役 (shutsuyaku) refers to "attendance" or "participation" in a particular role or duty, often in the context of performing assigned tasks or responsibilities. This term is frequently used in various settings, including workplaces, events, and community activities, to denote the active involvement or presence of an individual fulfilling their duties.

In the workplace, shutsuyaku might involve an employee attending a meeting, participating in a project, or performing specific job functions. In community settings, it can refer to members contributing to local events or volunteer activities. The concept of shutsuyaku emphasizes the importance of fulfilling one's obligations and being actively engaged in the assigned roles, ensuring that tasks are completed effectively and collaboratively.

凡例 (hanrei) refers to the "legend" or "key" in Japanese, typically found in maps, charts, diagrams, or books. It is a guide that explains the symbols, colors, and notations used within the document or illustration, helping readers understand and interpret the information accurately.

In a map, the hanrei might include symbols for different types of terrain, landmarks, and routes. In a chart or diagram, it could explain various data points, lines, and shading used to represent specific information. In books, particularly reference books, hanrei can provide explanations of abbreviations, typographical conventions, and other editorial marks.

金 (kin) refers to "gold" in Japanese. Gold is a precious metal that has been highly valued for its rarity, beauty, and various practical applications throughout history. In Japan, as in many other cultures, gold has been used for a wide range of purposes, including currency, jewelry, ornaments, and art.

Gold holds significant cultural and economic importance. It is often associated with wealth, prosperity, and status. Historically, gold was used in coinage and as a standard for monetary systems. In modern times, it continues to be a valuable asset for investment and is traded in global markets.

Apart from its economic value, gold is also used in traditional crafts and cultural artifacts. For instance, gold leaf is applied in Japanese lacquerware (漆器, shikki) and other art forms to create intricate and beautiful designs. The metal's durability and resistance to tarnish make it ideal for these artistic and decorative applications.

介護認定 (kaigo nintei) refers to "long-term care certification" in Japan. This process determines an individual's eligibility for long-term care services under the country’s Long-Term Care Insurance (LTCI) system.

The certification process involves a comprehensive assessment of the individual's physical and mental condition to evaluate their need for care and support. This assessment is typically carried out by a municipal government-appointed team of healthcare professionals who review the individual's ability to perform daily activities and their overall health status. The results are then reviewed by a certification committee that assigns a care level.

The levels range from 要支援1 and 2 (support required) to 要介護1 through 5 (care required), with higher numbers indicating a greater need for assistance. The assigned level determines the range and extent of care services the individual is entitled to, including home care, daycare services, and institutional care.

Kaigo nintei is crucial for ensuring that those who need long-term care receive appropriate and adequate support, helping them maintain their quality of life and relieving the burden on families and caregivers.

未満 (miman) is a Japanese term that means "less than" or "under." It is used to indicate that a certain number or quantity falls short of a specified amount. For example, if a sign says "18歳未満" (juuhas-sai miman), it means "under 18 years old." This term is commonly used in various contexts such as age restrictions, numerical limits, and legal guidelines to clearly specify boundaries that should not be exceeded. It helps in setting clear limits and ensuring compliance with rules and regulations.

所以 (yuen) is a Japanese term that means "reason" or "cause." It is used to explain why something happens or the basis for a particular situation or action. For example, when providing an explanation for a decision or event, one might say "その所以は" (sono yuei wa), meaning "the reason for that is." The term is often found in formal or written contexts, such as legal documents, scholarly works, or detailed explanations.