Japanese Business Glossary

暴力団 (boryokudan) is a Japanese term that translates to "organized crime group" or yakuza. It refers to criminal organizations in Japan known for their involvement in various illegal activities, such as extortion, gambling, drug trafficking, prostitution, and loan sharking.

These groups have a hierarchical structure, with members adhering to strict codes of conduct and loyalty. The yakuza have a long history in Japan and are known for their distinctive tattoos and rituals. Despite their criminal activities, they sometimes portray themselves as protectors of traditional Japanese values and communities.

The Japanese government has implemented various laws and measures to combat the influence and activities of 暴力団, aiming to reduce their impact on society and the economy.

代襲相続 (daishuu souzoku) is a Japanese term that translates to "substitute inheritance" or "representation inheritance" in English. This legal concept applies when an heir who would have inherited from a deceased person (the decedent) has already passed away before the decedent. In such cases, the deceased heir's descendants (typically children) inherit in place of the original heir.

For example, if a parent dies and their child, who was the designated heir, has also died, the grandchild would inherit the share that the child would have received. This ensures that the inheritance rights are preserved within the family lineage.

損害賠償 (songai baishou) is a Japanese term that translates to "damages" or "compensation for damages" in English. It refers to the legal obligation to compensate someone for harm or loss caused by wrongful acts, negligence, or breaches of contract.

In a legal context, songai baishou involves assessing the extent of the damage and determining the appropriate amount of money or other compensation that should be provided to the injured party. This can include compensation for physical injury, property damage, financial loss, or emotional distress. The aim is to restore the injured party to the position they were in before the harm occurred.

享受 (kyouju) is a Japanese term that translates to "enjoyment" or "reception" in English. It refers to the act of receiving or enjoying benefits, pleasures, rights, or services.

In a personal context, it can mean enjoying life, pleasures, or activities. For example, 生活を享受する (seikatsu o kyouju suru) means "enjoy life."

In a legal or social context, it can refer to enjoying or receiving rights, benefits, or services. For example, 権利を享受する (kenri o kyouju suru) means "enjoy rights."

The term emphasizes the act of taking in and benefiting from something provided or available.

金券 (kinken) is a Japanese term that translates to "gift certificate" or "voucher" in English. It refers to a type of prepaid card or coupon that can be used as a form of payment at specified stores or for particular services. These vouchers often have a set monetary value and can be used as an alternative to cash or credit cards.

金券 can be used for various purposes, such as purchasing goods, dining at restaurants, or accessing specific services. They are commonly given as gifts or promotional items.

障害者 (shougaisha) is a Japanese term that translates to "disabled person" or "person with disabilities" in English. It refers to individuals who have physical, mental, or developmental impairments that may limit their daily activities and participation in society.

In Japan, there are various laws and policies in place to support and protect the rights of persons with disabilities, ensuring they have access to necessary services, accommodations, and opportunities for a better quality of life.