Japanese Business Glossary

電子記録債権 (denshi kiroku saiken) refers to electronically recorded monetary claims or electronic monetary claims in Japanese. It is a system that allows the management and transfer of monetary claims through electronic records rather than traditional paper-based methods. This system enhances efficiency, reduces the risk of loss or fraud, and simplifies the process of tracking and transferring claims.

Under this system, creditors can electronically register their claims, and debtors can acknowledge them, creating a secure and transparent record of the transaction. The use of denshi kiroku saiken is common in financial transactions, trade settlements, and other business dealings where the streamlined management of receivables and payables is beneficial.

付加価値税 (fuka kachi zei) refers to the value-added tax (VAT) in Japanese. It is a type of consumption tax that is applied to the value added at each stage of production or distribution of goods and services. In Japan, this tax is commonly known as consumption tax (消費税 = shōhizei).

The tax is ultimately borne by the end consumer, but it is collected by businesses at each stage of the supply chain. Businesses charge VAT on their sales (output tax) and can deduct the VAT they have paid on their purchases (input tax). The difference between the output tax and input tax is then remitted to the tax authorities.

VAT is a significant source of revenue for the government and is used to fund various public services and infrastructure projects. In Japan, the standard VAT rate is currently 10%, with a reduced rate of 8% for certain items such as food and non-alcoholic beverages.

みずほダイレクト (Mizuho Direct) is the online banking service provided by Mizuho Bank, one of the major financial institutions in Japan. This service allows Mizuho Bank customers to access a wide range of banking functions and manage their accounts online, through mobile devices, or via telephone.

With Mizuho Direct, customers can perform various banking activities such as checking account balances, transferring funds, paying bills, viewing transaction history, and applying for financial products. The service is designed to offer convenience and flexibility, enabling customers to handle their banking needs securely from anywhere at any time.

内訳 (uchiwake) refers to the breakdown or itemization of an amount or total in Japanese. This term is commonly used in accounting, financial statements, invoices, and reports to provide detailed information about the components that make up a larger sum.

For example, on an invoice, uchiwake would list individual items or services provided along with their respective costs, helping to clarify how the total amount was calculated. In financial reports, 内訳 can show detailed breakdowns of expenses, revenues, assets, or liabilities, offering transparency and insight into the specific elements that contribute to the overall figures.

事項 (jikō) refers to matters, items, or details in Japanese. It is commonly used to denote specific points or subjects that need to be addressed, discussed, or included in documents, meetings, or reports. For example, in meeting agendas, jiko would list the various topics to be covered. In legal or official documents, it may outline the key details or terms that are relevant to the matter at hand. The term helps to organize and specify important elements within a broader context.

16歳以上19歳未満の扶養親族 (jūroku-sai ijō jūkyū-sai miman no fuyō shinzoku) refers to dependent relatives who are between 16 and 19 years old in Japan. This term is used in the context of tax deductions and allowances.

In Japan, taxpayers can claim deductions for dependents, which reduce their taxable income and ultimately the amount of tax owed. Dependents in this age range are typically high school students who are financially supported by the taxpayer. The specific rules and amounts for deductions can vary, but the inclusion of such dependents helps lessen the financial burden on families supporting older children who are not yet financially independent.