Japanese Business Glossary

依頼 (irai) means a request or commission in Japanese. It involves asking someone to perform a task, provide a service, or deliver goods. In business contexts, an irai is often formalized in written communication, detailing the specific requirements, expectations, and deadlines for the requested work. The process ensures clarity and mutual understanding between the requester and the provider. Whether it is for professional services, product orders, or collaborative projects, an irai sets the foundation for the agreement and helps facilitate smooth and efficient transactions.

商標権 (shouhyouken) refers to trademark rights in Japan. This legal protection is granted to the owner of a registered trademark, which can be a name, logo, symbol, or any distinctive sign used to identify and distinguish goods or services. The purpose of shouhyouken is to prevent others from using identical or confusingly similar marks that could mislead consumers or dilute the brand's identity. Obtaining shouhyouken requires registration with the Japan Patent Office (JPO), providing the owner with exclusive rights to use the trademark in connection with the specified goods or services. These rights are crucial for maintaining brand integrity, preventing unauthorized use, and fostering consumer trust.

A 外交官 (gaikoukan) is a diplomat who represents their country's government in foreign affairs. Diplomats are responsible for managing international relations, including negotiating treaties, promoting economic and cultural ties, and protecting the interests of their home country and its citizens abroad. They work in embassies, consulates, and diplomatic missions around the world. Their duties include attending official functions, conducting negotiations, and reporting on political, economic, and social developments in the host country.

A 見積書 (mitsumori-sho) is a quotation document used in business transactions in Japan. It outlines the estimated costs for products or services to be provided. The document typically includes a detailed breakdown of the items or services, their quantities, unit prices, total costs, and any additional terms and conditions. It serves as a formal proposal from the seller to the buyer, indicating the price at which the seller is willing to supply the specified goods or services. The mitsumori-sho is an essential part of the negotiation process, helping both parties agree on the terms before finalizing a contract.

販売管理費 (hanbai kanrihi), also known as selling, general, and administrative expenses (SG&A), refers to the operating expenses related to the selling of products and the management of a business. These expenses include costs associated with advertising, marketing, sales commissions, office supplies, salaries of administrative staff, and other overhead costs that are not directly tied to the production of goods or services.

In financial statements, hanbai kanrihi is an important category as it helps businesses understand their operating efficiency and overall profitability. By analyzing these expenses, companies can identify areas where they can reduce costs and improve their bottom line. Effective management of hanbai kanrihi is crucial for maintaining a healthy financial position and ensuring the sustainability of business operations.

副業 (fukugyou) refers to a side job or secondary employment in Japan. It involves engaging in additional work outside of one's primary job. This can include freelance work, part-time jobs, running a small business, or other income-generating activities.

The concept of fukugyou has gained popularity in recent years as more people seek additional income sources, personal fulfillment, or opportunities to develop new skills. Technological advancements and the rise of the gig economy have also made it easier for individuals to pursue fukugyou.

While traditionally many Japanese companies restricted employees from engaging in fukugyou due to concerns about loyalty and potential conflicts of interest, there has been a shift towards more flexibility. Some companies now recognize the benefits of allowing employees to have side jobs, such as improved morale, enhanced skills, and greater financial security.