Japanese Business Glossary

故意 (koi) translates to "intent" or "deliberate" in English. It refers to actions taken with the intention or deliberate purpose of achieving a specific outcome.

In legal contexts, koi is often used to describe intentional acts or behaviors, distinguishing them from accidental or negligent actions. For example, in criminal law, a crime committed with koi means that the perpetrator acted with the intent to commit the offense, as opposed to it happening accidentally or due to carelessness.

規程, pronounced kitei in Japanese, refers to regulations, rules, or provisions established within an organization or institution. These guidelines are designed to govern the behavior, procedures, and operations within the entity. Kitei encompasses a wide range of internal rules, including codes of conduct, operational procedures, and compliance requirements, which help ensure that the organization functions smoothly and consistently.

Kitei is typically documented in official manuals or policy handbooks and is communicated to all members of the organization. These regulations serve multiple purposes, such as maintaining order, ensuring legal compliance, promoting safety, and setting standards for performance and conduct.

規定 (kitei) refers to "regulation," "rule," or "provision" in English. It denotes established guidelines, directives, or standards that are formally set by an organization, institution, or government to govern behavior, procedures, or operations.

Kitei can cover a wide range of areas, including company policies, legal requirements, safety standards, and operational procedures. These rules are designed to ensure consistency, compliance, and orderly conduct within the specified context. Adhering to kitei is often mandatory, and violations can lead to penalties or other consequences.

不可 (fuka) is a Japanese term that translates to "impossible," "not allowed," "unacceptable," or "not feasible." It is used to indicate that something cannot be done, is not permitted, or is not suitable.

In various contexts, such as rules, regulations, or evaluations, fuka signifies that a particular action, behavior, or condition is prohibited or fails to meet the required standards. For example, on a test or assessment, a grade of fuka means that the performance was unsatisfactory or did not pass.

仮換地 (kari-kanchi) refers to "provisional land replotting" in Japan, a concept used in land readjustment projects. It involves temporarily reallocating land parcels to facilitate urban development or improvement projects.

During a land readjustment project, existing land parcels may be reconfigured to create a more efficient and functional urban layout. Kari kanchi allows landowners to continue using a portion of their land while the project is ongoing. The temporary parcels are designated with the understanding that final adjustments and allocations will be made once the project is completed.

This process helps minimize disruption to landowners and residents, enabling them to maintain some continuity of use and occupancy. Kari kanchi is essential for smooth transitions during extensive urban planning and development efforts, ensuring that the community's needs are balanced with the goals of modernization and infrastructure improvement.

付与 (fuyo) means "grant," "allocation," or "assignment" in English. It refers to the act of giving or bestowing something, such as rights, privileges, permissions, or resources, to a person, group, or entity. This term is often used in various contexts, such as granting access rights, allocating funds, or assigning tasks and responsibilities.