Japanese Business Glossary

関係 (kankei) is a Japanese term that translates to "relationship" or "connection" in English. It is a fundamental concept in Japanese culture and society, emphasizing the importance of interpersonal and social relationships. In various contexts, kankei can refer to personal relationships, such as family and friendships, as well as professional relationships, including business connections and organizational ties.

In the business world, having a good kankei can be crucial for success, as trust and mutual respect are highly valued. Building and maintaining these relationships often involve regular communication, understanding cultural nuances, and showing genuine interest and concern for the other party. Therefore, kankei is not just about the superficial connections but also about the deeper, more meaningful bonds that facilitate cooperation and mutual support.

吟醸酒 (ginjoshu) in Japanese refers to a type of high-quality sake, which is a traditional Japanese rice wine. Ginjoshu is characterized by its brewing process, which involves polishing the rice grains to at least 60% of their original size to remove impurities and enhance the flavor. The sake is then fermented at lower temperatures for a longer period, resulting in a more refined, fragrant, and complex beverage.

Ginjoshu typically has a light, fruity, and floral aroma with a smooth and clean taste, making it a popular choice for sake enthusiasts. The meticulous brewing process and high-quality ingredients used in Ginjoshu distinguish it from other types of sake, contributing to its premium status.

記録 (kiroku) in Japanese means "record" or "documentation." This term refers to the act of capturing and preserving information or data for future reference. Kiroku can encompass various forms, such as written notes, digital files, audio recordings, and video footage.

In business and administrative contexts, kiroku is essential for maintaining accurate accounts of transactions, meetings, decisions, and other significant events. Proper documentation ensures transparency, accountability, and compliance with legal and regulatory requirements. It also aids in the analysis, retrieval, and sharing of information, supporting effective decision-making and operational efficiency.

財団法人 (zaidan hojin) in Japanese means "foundation" or "incorporated foundation." This term refers to a legal entity established for the purpose of managing and utilizing funds or assets to support specific activities or causes. Zaidan hojin can be involved in various fields, such as education, research, culture, healthcare, and social welfare. These organizations are typically non-profit and aim to contribute to the public good. They are governed by a board of directors and must comply with relevant laws and regulations. Being recognized as a zaidan hojin provides legal status and certain tax benefits, enabling the organization to operate more effectively in pursuing its mission.

対象 (taisho) in Japanese means "target," "subject," "object," or "focus." It is used to refer to something or someone that is the focus of attention or action. For example, in business, it might refer to the target market or audience. In a research context, it can indicate the subject of study or investigation. The term is versatile and can be applied in various situations where a specific target or focus needs to be identified. Understanding the context in which "対象" is used is crucial for accurate interpretation.

炭化水素 (tankasuiso) is a Japanese term that translates to "hydrocarbon" in English. Hydrocarbons are organic compounds consisting entirely of hydrogen and carbon atoms. They are the primary components of fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas.

Hydrocarbons can be classified into different categories based on their structure. Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with single bonds between carbon atoms, such as methane and ethane. Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one double bond between carbon atoms, such as ethylene and propylene. Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons with at least one triple bond between carbon atoms, such as acetylene. Aromatic hydrocarbons contain one or more aromatic rings, such as benzene and toluene.

Hydrocarbons are significant in various industries, including energy production, manufacturing of plastics and chemicals, and as raw materials for a wide range of products. They play a crucial role in the global economy and everyday life.