Japanese Business Glossary

損害賠償 (songai baishou) is a Japanese term that translates to "damages" or "compensation for damages" in English. It refers to the legal obligation to compensate someone for harm or loss caused by wrongful acts, negligence, or breaches of contract.

In a legal context, songai baishou involves assessing the extent of the damage and determining the appropriate amount of money or other compensation that should be provided to the injured party. This can include compensation for physical injury, property damage, financial loss, or emotional distress. The aim is to restore the injured party to the position they were in before the harm occurred.

享受 (kyouju) is a Japanese term that translates to "enjoyment" or "reception" in English. It refers to the act of receiving or enjoying benefits, pleasures, rights, or services.

In a personal context, it can mean enjoying life, pleasures, or activities. For example, 生活を享受する (seikatsu o kyouju suru) means "enjoy life."

In a legal or social context, it can refer to enjoying or receiving rights, benefits, or services. For example, 権利を享受する (kenri o kyouju suru) means "enjoy rights."

The term emphasizes the act of taking in and benefiting from something provided or available.

金券 (kinken) is a Japanese term that translates to "gift certificate" or "voucher" in English. It refers to a type of prepaid card or coupon that can be used as a form of payment at specified stores or for particular services. These vouchers often have a set monetary value and can be used as an alternative to cash or credit cards.

金券 can be used for various purposes, such as purchasing goods, dining at restaurants, or accessing specific services. They are commonly given as gifts or promotional items.

障害者 (shougaisha) is a Japanese term that translates to "disabled person" or "person with disabilities" in English. It refers to individuals who have physical, mental, or developmental impairments that may limit their daily activities and participation in society.

In Japan, there are various laws and policies in place to support and protect the rights of persons with disabilities, ensuring they have access to necessary services, accommodations, and opportunities for a better quality of life.

遺贈 (izo) refers to a bequest or legacy in Japanese legal terms. It is a provision made in a will where the deceased (testator) leaves specific assets or property to a designated person or entity.

This can include money, real estate, personal belongings, or other types of property. The person or entity receiving the bequest is known as the legatee (受遺者, jueisha).

Izo is a common way for individuals to distribute their estate according to their wishes after they pass away. It is governed by the laws outlined in the Japanese Civil Code.

認可外保育園 (ninka-gai hoikuen) refers to non-licensed or unaccredited daycare centers in Japan. Unlike licensed daycare centers, which must meet specific government standards and regulations regarding staff qualifications, facility safety, and educational programs, ninka-gai hoikuen are not subject to these stringent requirements.

These non-licensed daycare centers often offer more flexible hours and can be easier to get into, making them a popular choice for parents who need childcare but cannot find or afford a spot in a licensed facility. While they provide essential childcare services, the quality and safety standards of ninka-gai hoikuen can vary widely, so parents are advised to carefully research and visit these centers before enrolling their children.