Japanese Business Glossary

任意 (nin i) refers to something that is voluntary, optional, or at one's discretion in Japanese. This term is commonly used to describe actions, decisions, or choices that are not mandated by law or regulations but are left to an individual's or organization's preference. For instance, participating in a voluntary insurance scheme, choosing to take on additional tasks at work, or making a charitable donation are all examples of nin i actions. In a business context, nin i might apply to decisions such as offering additional services to clients or implementing non-required policies. The concept of nin i emphasizes personal or organizational freedom and flexibility in decision-making, allowing for customized and adaptable approaches.

特別会計 (tokubetsu kaikei) refers to a special account or budget used by government entities in Japan to manage funds designated for specific purposes separate from the general budget. These special accounts are established to handle financial activities that are distinct and self-contained, such as public pensions, social insurance programs, or infrastructure projects. The use of tokubetsu kaikei allows for more precise tracking and management of funds, ensuring that they are used exclusively for their intended purposes. This system helps maintain transparency and accountability in public finance, as it separates ordinary government expenditures from those requiring special oversight and administration.

ゴルフ会員権 (gorufu kaiinken) refers to a golf club membership in Japan. This membership grants individuals the right to access and use the facilities of a particular golf club, often including the golf course, clubhouse, and other amenities. gorufu kaiinken can be purchased, sold, or transferred, and its value may fluctuate based on the club's reputation, location, and the overall demand for memberships. Owning a gorufu kaiinken often comes with certain privileges, such as priority tee times, discounted fees, and the ability to participate in club events and tournaments. For many, it represents not only a commitment to the sport but also a social and networking opportunity within the club's community.

本人確認書類 (honnin kakunin shorui) refers to identification documents used for verifying a person's identity in Japan. These documents are essential for various transactions and procedures, such as opening a bank account, signing a contract, or accessing certain services. Common honnin kakunin shorui include a passport, driver's license, My Number card (a personal identification number card), or a health insurance card. The purpose of these documents is to ensure that the individual is who they claim to be, thereby preventing fraud and maintaining security in financial and legal matters. Proper verification using honnin kakunin shorui is a standard practice in many official and business settings in Japan.

利子 (rishi) refers to interest, which is the cost of borrowing money or the return earned on an investment, in Japan. When an individual or entity borrows funds from a lender, they agree to pay back the borrowed amount along with additional money as compensation for the lender's risk and the use of their funds. This additional money is called interest. Conversely, when someone deposits money in a bank or invests it, they earn interest as a return on their investment. The rate at which interest is calculated can vary based on factors such as the amount of money, the duration of the loan or investment, and prevailing economic conditions.

私道 (shido) refers to a private road in Japan, which is owned and maintained by an individual, a group of individuals, or a private entity rather than by the public or the government. These roads are typically found within private properties, residential complexes, or gated communities and are used primarily for access to and from these private areas. The owners of a shido are responsible for its upkeep, including repairs, cleaning, and any necessary improvements. Access to a shido can be restricted by the owners, meaning that it is not open for public use. Understanding the regulations and responsibilities associated with shido is important for property owners and developers to ensure proper maintenance and legal compliance.