Japanese Business Glossary

勧告 (kankoku) refers to a recommendation, advice, or warning issued by an authority or organization in Japan. It is typically used in contexts where an official body, such as a government agency, regulatory authority, or professional organization, advises individuals, companies, or other entities to take specific actions or comply with certain standards. Although kankoku is not legally binding, it carries significant weight and is often taken seriously by the recipients. The purpose of kankoku is to guide behavior, improve practices, ensure safety, or address potential issues before they escalate. By following kankoku, recipients can often avoid more severe consequences, such as legal penalties or reputational damage.

返信用封筒 (henshin yo futo) refers to a self-addressed, stamped envelope (SASE) provided by the sender for the recipient to use when sending a reply. This practice is common in Japan for various official and business communications, such as applications, requests for information, or formal correspondence. The sender includes the henshin yo futo to make it convenient for the recipient to respond, ensuring that the reply is directed to the correct address and that postage is already covered. This courtesy helps streamline communication, reduces the burden on the recipient, and increases the likelihood of receiving a prompt response.

旨 (mune) refers to the main point, purport, or intent of a statement, document, or communication in Japan. It captures the essential meaning or purpose behind what is being conveyed. This term is often used in formal and legal contexts to summarize the core message or directive. For example, when explaining a contract or an official notice, one might refer to the mune to highlight the key points or intentions behind the document.

承継人 (shokeinin) refers to a successor or heir who inherits rights, responsibilities, or property from another person in Japan. This term is commonly used in legal and business contexts to describe individuals or entities that take over the assets and obligations of a predecessor. In the context of inheritance, shokeinin would be the person who receives property or assets from a deceased family member. In business, it could refer to a company or individual that assumes the rights and duties of another entity through mergers, acquisitions, or succession planning. The role of shokeinin is crucial in ensuring the continuity and proper transfer of ownership and responsibilities.

年間所得 (nenkan shotoku) refers to the annual income or yearly earnings of an individual or entity in Japan. This term encompasses all forms of income received over the course of a year, including salaries, wages, bonuses, rental income, investment returns, and any other sources of revenue. Calculating nenkan shotoku is essential for various financial purposes, such as tax filing, loan applications, and financial planning. It determines the amount of taxes owed to the government and eligibility for certain benefits or financial products.

書類 (shorui) refers to documents or paperwork in Japan. This term encompasses a wide range of written materials used for official, legal, business, or administrative purposes. Shorui can include forms, applications, contracts, certificates, reports, and other types of documentation required for various processes and transactions. Proper handling and management of shorui are crucial in many aspects of daily life, such as applying for a job, opening a bank account, registering for services, or complying with legal requirements.