Japanese Business Glossary

名称 (meishou) is a Japanese term that translates to "name" or "title" in English. It refers to the designation or appellation given to a person, place, organization, product, or any other entity. 名称 is used to identify and distinguish one entity from another.

For example, the 名称 of a company is its official business name, and the 名称 of a product is its brand or product name. This term is widely used in both formal and informal contexts to refer to the proper name or title of something.

文言 (mongon) is a Japanese term that translates to "wording" or "phrasing" in English. It refers to the specific choice of words and the way they are arranged in a sentence or text. 文言 emphasizes the style, tone, and clarity of the language used in written or spoken communication.

The term is often used in contexts where the precise wording is important, such as legal documents, contracts, official statements, or literary works. It highlights the importance of selecting the right words to convey the intended meaning effectively and appropriately.

固定資産 (kotei shisan) is a Japanese term that translates to "fixed assets" in English. It refers to long-term tangible assets that a company owns and uses in its operations to generate income. These assets are not intended for sale in the regular course of business and have a useful life of more than one year.

Examples of 固定資産 include land, buildings, machinery, equipment, and vehicles. These assets are recorded on a company's balance sheet and are subject to depreciation over their useful life, except for land, which typically does not depreciate. The management and valuation of 固定資産 are important for accurate financial reporting and business operations.

正本 (seihon) and 副本 (fukuhon) are Japanese terms that translate to "original copy" and "duplicate copy" (or "duplicate") respectively in English.

正本 refers to the original document or official copy of a document that has been officially issued, signed, or sealed. This is the primary copy that holds legal or official authority.

副本 refers to a duplicate or a secondary copy of the original document. It is usually made for reference, record-keeping, or backup purposes. While it may not have the same legal standing as the 正本, it serves as an important document for administrative and operational use.

In legal, business, and administrative contexts, ensuring that both 正本 and 副本 are properly managed and stored is crucial for maintaining accurate records and complying with legal requirements.

健康保険料 (kenkou hokenryou) is a Japanese term that translates to "health insurance premium" in English. It refers to the amount of money that individuals or employers pay to a health insurance provider to maintain health insurance coverage.

In Japan, health insurance is mandatory, and premiums are typically deducted from employees' salaries. Employers often share the cost of these premiums with their employees. The premiums help cover the costs of medical services, treatments, and medications, ensuring that insured individuals have access to necessary healthcare without incurring significant out-of-pocket expenses.

The calculation of 健康保険料 is usually based on the insured person's income, with higher earners paying more in premiums. The collected premiums fund the health insurance system, allowing for the distribution of healthcare benefits to policyholders.

個人事業主 (kojin jigyounushi) refers to a "sole proprietor" or "individual business owner" in English. 売上 (uriage) means "sales" or "revenue" in English. It refers to the total income generated from selling goods or services before any expenses are deducted.

Therefore, 個人事業主 売上 (kojin jigyounushi uriage) refers to the sales or revenue generated by a sole proprietor or individual business owner. This term highlights the total amount of money received from business activities, such as selling products or providing services, before accounting for business expenses. Managing and tracking uriage is crucial for kojin jigyounushi to understand their business performance and financial health.