Japanese Business Glossary

書面 (shomen) is a Japanese term that translates to "written document" or "letter" in English. It refers to any form of communication or record that is documented in writing. This can include official documents, letters, contracts, reports, and any other type of formal or informal written correspondence.

In legal and business contexts, 書面 is often used to ensure clarity, provide evidence, and create a formal record of agreements, decisions, or communications. It is important for maintaining accountability and transparency in various transactions and interactions.

協議 (kyogi) in Japanese means "discussion," "consultation," "conference," or "negotiation." It refers to the process of discussing and consulting on a particular matter to reach an agreement or make a decision. In business and legal contexts, kyogi is essential for resolving disputes, making collaborative decisions, and formulating plans or policies. It involves multiple parties engaging in dialogue, sharing their perspectives, and working together to find a mutually acceptable solution. Effective kyogi is crucial for successful cooperation and smooth operations in both professional and personal settings.

貸借対照表 (taishaku taishohyo) in Japanese means "balance sheet." It is a financial statement that provides a snapshot of a company's financial position at a specific point in time. The balance sheet lists the company's assets, liabilities, and shareholders' equity, allowing stakeholders to understand what the company owns and owes, as well as the invested capital. Assets are typically divided into current and non-current, while liabilities are categorized similarly. The balance sheet is crucial for investors, creditors, and management to assess the company's financial health, liquidity, and long-term solvency.

相談役 (sodanyaku) in Japanese means "advisor" or "counselor." This term typically refers to a senior individual, often a former executive or experienced professional, who provides guidance and advice to a company or organization. The role of a sodanyaku is to offer insights based on their extensive experience, helping with strategic decisions, solving complex problems, and mentoring current executives. They do not usually have direct management responsibilities but play a crucial advisory role, ensuring that the company benefits from their expertise and wisdom in navigating business challenges and opportunities.

適用 (tekiyo) in Japanese means "application" or "adoption." It refers to the act of applying a rule, law, policy, or procedure to a particular situation or context. In a legal or regulatory context, tekiyo might involve implementing a new regulation or standard within an organization. In everyday use, it can refer to applying a solution to a problem or using a specific method to achieve a desired outcome. Understanding the appropriate tekiyo of rules and practices is essential for ensuring compliance, efficiency, and effectiveness in various professional and personal activities.

外貨建て (gaikadate) in Japanese means "denominated in foreign currency." This term is used in finance to describe assets, liabilities, or transactions that are valued or settled in a currency other than the domestic currency. For example, a bond issued by a Japanese company in US dollars would be considered gaikadate. This is important for businesses and investors as it involves exchange rate risk, which can impact the value of these foreign-denominated items when converted back to the domestic currency. Understanding and managing gaikadate is crucial for companies engaged in international trade or investment.