Japanese Business Glossary

追徴課税 (tsuichou kazei) refers to "additional tax" or "back taxes" in English. This is a type of tax levied by tax authorities when they determine that a taxpayer has underpaid their taxes. Additional tax may be imposed due to various reasons such as underreporting income, claiming inappropriate deductions or credits, calculation errors, or late payment of taxes. When an audit or review reveals discrepancies or errors in the reported tax amounts, the authorities will calculate the correct amount owed and demand the payment of the difference along with any applicable penalties or interest. This is done to ensure compliance and to deter tax evasion.

準拠する (junkyo suru) is a Japanese verb that means "to conform to," "to comply with," or "to adhere to."

It is often used in contexts where rules, regulations, standards, or guidelines are being followed. For example, a company might 準拠する to industry standards or legal requirements.

The term 赴任 (funin) in Japanese refers to the act of being assigned to a new post or position, usually involving relocation. It is commonly used in the context of job transfers within a company, where an employee is sent to work in a different location, often in another city or country. This can be a temporary assignment or a long-term transfer, depending on the company's needs and the nature of the role.

決算賞与 (kessan shoyo) refers to a type of bonus payment made to employees based on the financial performance of a company at the end of its fiscal year. Unlike regular bonuses that are often distributed at fixed times (e.g., summer and winter bonuses), kessan shoyo is contingent on the company's profitability and is usually decided after the annual financial statements are finalized.

If the company performs well and achieves high profits, employees may receive a larger kessan shoyo. Conversely, if the company's financial performance is poor, the bonus may be reduced or not given at all. This system aligns employee incentives with the overall success of the company, encouraging staff to contribute to its financial growth.

売買 (baibai) in Japanese means "buying and selling" or "trade". It refers to the act of purchasing and selling goods or services.

In a business context, baibai involves transactions where ownership of goods or services is transferred from a seller to a buyer in exchange for money. This term is commonly used in various industries, including retail, wholesale, real estate, and finance.

診療報酬 (shinryo hoshu) refers to medical treatment fees or medical service fees in Japan. It is the reimbursement given to medical institutions, such as hospitals and clinics, for the medical services they provide to patients.

This fee is regulated by the Japanese government and is part of the country's healthcare insurance system. The Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare sets the fees, which are reviewed and revised periodically. This system ensures that medical costs are standardized and controlled across the country, making healthcare more accessible and affordable for all citizens.

Medical institutions claim these fees based on the treatments and services rendered, and they are reimbursed according to the fixed fee schedule. This helps maintain consistency and fairness in medical billing practices throughout Japan.