Japanese Business Glossary

期首 (kishu) refers to the beginning of a fiscal period or financial year in Japan. This term is used in accounting and financial contexts to denote the start date from which financial activities, reporting, and assessments are measured for a particular period.

For businesses, kishu marks the start of a new accounting cycle, where they begin tracking revenues, expenses, and other financial transactions. It is an important point for setting budgets, financial planning, and performance evaluations.

特定個人情報 (tokutei kojin jouhou) refers to specific personal information in Japan. This term is used to describe a subset of personal information that includes an individual's personal identification number, such as the "My Number" (マイナンバー) system, along with other personal data that can identify a specific individual.

Tokutei kojin jouhou is highly sensitive and subject to strict regulations and protection measures under Japanese law. The handling, storage, and usage of this information are governed by the "Act on the Protection of Personal Information" (個人情報保護法) and the "My Number Act" (番号法).

Organizations and businesses that handle tokutei kojin jouhou must implement rigorous security measures to prevent unauthorized access, leaks, and misuse. They are also required to inform individuals about the purpose of collecting such information and obtain their consent where necessary. The aim is to ensure the privacy and protection of individuals' specific personal information in various administrative and commercial processes.

信販会社 (shinpan gaisha) refers to a credit company or consumer credit company in Japan. These companies provide various financial services, primarily focusing on consumer credit, including installment credit, personal loans, and credit card services.

Shinpan gaisha typically offer financing options for consumers to purchase goods and services on credit. They work closely with retailers and service providers to facilitate installment payments, allowing customers to pay for their purchases over time. This can include large items like appliances, vehicles, or other high-cost goods.

In addition to installment credit, shinpan gaisha may issue credit cards and offer personal loans, providing consumers with additional financial flexibility. These companies assess the creditworthiness of applicants, set credit limits, and manage repayment schedules.

Shinpan gaisha play a crucial role in the financial ecosystem by enabling consumers to access credit and manage their finances more effectively. They also contribute to the overall economy by supporting consumer spending and facilitating transactions.

記載 (kisai) refers to the act of recording, writing down, or documenting information. This term is often used in official and formal contexts to describe the inclusion or entry of specific details in documents, forms, records, or databases.

For example, when filling out an application form, you might see instructions to kisai your name, address, and other necessary details. In legal documents, kisai can refer to the detailed recording of agreements, terms, and conditions. In business and accounting, it involves documenting financial transactions and other relevant information accurately.

定期借地権 (teiki shakuchiken) refers to a fixed-term land leasehold right in Japan. This legal framework allows a tenant to lease land from a landowner for a predetermined, fixed period. Unlike traditional lease agreements, which might be open-ended or subject to renewal, teiki shakuchiken is strictly for a specified duration, and the lease does not automatically renew upon expiration.

This type of leasehold is often used for purposes such as residential housing, commercial buildings, or other developments where both the landowner and the tenant prefer a clear, time-bound arrangement. The lease period can range from several decades to shorter terms, depending on the agreement.

The benefits of teiki shakuchiken include providing security for the tenant for the agreed-upon term while allowing the landowner to regain control of their property after the lease period ends. This arrangement can be advantageous for planning long-term projects or investments without the complications of indefinite tenancy.

要領 (yoryo) refers to the essentials or key points of something. It is often used to describe the main points, outline, or gist of a matter, task, or procedure. Understanding the yoryo of a subject means grasping the crucial aspects or the core elements necessary to perform a task efficiently or understand a topic comprehensively.

In a practical context, yoryo can refer to guidelines or instructions that provide a clear and concise way to achieve a goal. For example, when learning a new skill, understanding the yoryo can help one focus on the most important techniques or steps needed for proficiency.