Japanese Business Glossary

債務不履行 (saimu furiko) refers to a breach of contract or default in Japan. This term describes a situation where a party fails to fulfill their obligations as specified in a contract. This non-performance can include not paying money owed, not delivering goods or services, or not completing work as agreed upon.

In legal terms, saimu furiko can lead to various consequences for the party in breach. These consequences might include the requirement to pay damages to the other party, specific performance (compelling the party to fulfill their contractual duties), or the termination of the contract.

There are different types of saimu furiko, such as completely failing to perform the contractual obligations, performing the obligations but not in the manner or to the standard required by the contract, or failing to perform the obligations within the time frame specified in the contract.

When a breach occurs, the non-breaching party typically has the right to seek legal remedies, which might include compensation for any losses incurred due to the breach.

公租公課 (kouso kouka) refers to taxes and public dues in Japan. This term encompasses various taxes and charges that individuals and businesses must pay to the government. These can include income tax, corporate tax, consumption tax, property tax, and social insurance premiums.

The purpose of kouso kouka is to fund public services and infrastructure, such as healthcare, education, and public safety. It is a critical component of the Japanese fiscal system, ensuring that the government has the necessary resources to operate and provide services to its citizens and residents.

調整給 (chousei-kyuu) refers to an adjustment allowance or adjustment pay in Japan. This is a component of an employee's salary used to adjust for various factors that may not be covered by the basic salary.

Chousei-kyuu can be applied for several reasons, such as cost of living adjustments to account for changes in the cost of living, especially in different regions. It also includes market rate adjustments to align salaries with the prevailing market rates for similar jobs. Performance-based adjustments are used to reward or compensate for individual or company performance. Additionally, seniority adjustments reflect the employee's tenure or experience within the company.

Employers use chousei-kyuu to ensure that salaries remain competitive and fair, considering various economic and individual factors. It is a flexible component of the salary structure, allowing companies to address specific needs and circumstances that might arise.

郵便為替 (yuubin kawase) refers to a postal money order in Japan. This is a service provided by the Japan Post, allowing individuals to send money securely through the postal system.

To use this service, the sender fills out a money order form at a post office and pays the specified amount, along with a small fee. The post office then issues a money order, which the recipient can cash at their local post office or deposit into their bank account.

Yuubin kawase is a reliable and convenient method for transferring money, especially in cases where electronic transfers are not available or practical. It is commonly used for sending remittances, paying bills, or transferring funds between individuals who may not have access to banking services. This service provides a secure way to handle financial transactions via the postal system.

準拠 (junkyo) refers to adherence or conformity to a specific standard, rule, or regulation. In the context of business and legal matters, junkyo means that actions, procedures, or operations are conducted in accordance with established guidelines or legal requirements.

For example, a company operating in Japan must ensure that its practices are junkyo with Japanese laws and regulations. This could include compliance with labor laws, tax regulations, safety standards, and other relevant legal frameworks. Ensuring junkyo is essential for legal compliance and maintaining good standing with regulatory authorities.

In a broader sense, junkyo can also refer to following industry standards, company policies, or international guidelines to ensure consistency, safety, and quality in various operations and processes.

精神障害者 (seishin shougaisha) refers to a person with a mental disability or mental illness in Japan. This term encompasses individuals who have a range of mental health conditions that can affect their thinking, feeling, behavior, or mood. These conditions can include disorders such as depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorders, and others.

In Japan, there are various support systems and legal protections in place for seishin shougaisha to help them lead fulfilling lives. This includes access to mental health services, support for employment, and legal protections against discrimination. The government and various organizations work to promote awareness, reduce stigma, and provide necessary support and accommodations for individuals with mental health conditions.