Japanese Business Glossary

引継ぎ (hiki-tsugi) refers to the process of handing over or transferring responsibilities, tasks, or duties from one person to another. This is commonly practiced in Japanese workplaces to ensure smooth transitions when there are changes in staff, such as during job rotations, resignations, or project handovers.

The hiki-tsugi process typically involves detailed documentation of the tasks, responsibilities, and ongoing projects that need to be transferred. The person handing over the duties will often create written instructions, hold meetings, and provide necessary training to ensure that the new person can take over effectively.

老中 (roju) refers to a historical title used during the Edo period in Japan. The term translates to "Elder" or "Senior Councilor" and was an important position within the Tokugawa shogunate's government. The roju were senior officials who advised the shogun and played a key role in the administration and governance of the country.

The roju had various responsibilities, including overseeing domestic affairs, managing foreign relations, and handling significant policy decisions. They were part of a council that made collective decisions on important matters. This position was usually held by daimyo (feudal lords) of significant standing and influence.

The number of roju varied over time, but there were typically four to five individuals holding this title simultaneously. Their influence and power were considerable, making them some of the most prominent figures in the Tokugawa shogunate.

買掛金 (kaikakekin) refers to "accounts payable." This is the amount of money a company owes to its suppliers or vendors for goods or services received but not yet paid for. It represents the company's obligation to pay off short-term debt to its creditors.

売掛金 (urikakekin) refers to "accounts receivable." This is the amount of money that a company has the right to receive from its customers for goods or services provided on credit. It represents the company's claim for payment from its clients.

These terms are fundamental in managing a company's cash flow, ensuring that it can meet its short-term obligations while also keeping track of incoming revenues.

供託金 (kyotaku kin) refers to "deposited money" or "security deposit" in English. It is an amount of money deposited with a government agency or public office for a specific purpose, often to guarantee the fulfillment of certain obligations or to comply with legal requirements.

In Japan, kyotaku kin is commonly used in various legal and administrative contexts. For example, it may be required when filing certain types of lawsuits, registering businesses, or bidding on public projects. The deposit acts as a financial assurance that the party will adhere to the stipulated conditions or complete the agreed-upon tasks.

Once the obligations are fulfilled, the kyotaku kin may be refunded to the depositor. However, if the obligations are not met, the deposited amount may be forfeited.

介護 4 (kaigo 4) refers to a specific level of nursing care or assistance needed under Japan's Long-Term Care Insurance system. The system classifies the care needs of elderly individuals into seven levels: from 要支援1 (Yoshien 1, support level 1) to 要介護5 (Yokaigo 5, care level 5).

Kaigo 4 indicates a high level of care requirement, just one step below the most intensive care level, kaigo 5. Individuals assessed as needing kaigo 4 typically require significant assistance with daily activities such as bathing, dressing, eating, and mobility. They might also need extensive support for cognitive impairments or medical care.

The classification is determined through an assessment by municipal officials, who evaluate the individual's physical and mental health, and their ability to perform daily activities. Based on this assessment, appropriate care services are provided to meet their needs.

孫 (mago) means "grandchild" in English. It refers to the child of one's son or daughter. In Japanese culture, the term is used similarly to how it is used in English-speaking contexts, denoting a familial relationship across generations.