Japanese Business Glossary

破産管財人 (hasan kanzainin) is a Japanese term for a bankruptcy trustee, an individual appointed by the court to oversee the process of a bankruptcy case. The primary role of the hasan kanzainin is to manage the debtor's assets, ensure fair and orderly distribution to creditors, and handle various administrative tasks associated with the bankruptcy proceedings.

This trustee has the authority to investigate the financial affairs of the debtor, recover assets, liquidate property, and distribute the proceeds among the creditors according to the legal priorities. The appointment of a hasan kanzainin aims to ensure transparency and fairness in the bankruptcy process, protecting the interests of both the creditors and the debtor. By overseeing these procedures, the hasan kanzainin plays a crucial role in the resolution of financial distress and the enforcement of bankruptcy laws in Japan.

生年月日 (seinengappi) is a Japanese term that means "date of birth." When writing a date of birth in Japanese, the standard format is year, month, and day, in that order. The year is typically written in the Western calendar year format or using the Japanese era name.

For example, January 1, 2000, would be written as 2000年1月1日 or 平成12年1月1日 (Heisei 12 nen 1 gatsu 1 nichi), where "年" (nen) stands for year, "月" (gatsu) stands for month, and "日" (nichi) stands for day. This format is consistent across various official documents, forms, and records.

When filling out forms, it is important to use this format to ensure clarity and compliance with Japanese standards. It reflects the structured and precise nature of Japanese documentation practices.

新 (shin) is a Japanese kanji character that means "new." It is commonly used as a prefix in various contexts to indicate something recent, modern, or newly introduced.

The character 新 can also be found in words like 新年 (shinnen), meaning "New Year," and 新製品 (shinseihin), meaning "new product." Its usage signifies innovation, freshness, and the introduction of new concepts or items. In business and everyday life, the concept of 新 is associated with progress and improvement, reflecting the importance of embracing change and new opportunities in Japanese culture.

売掛債権 (urikake saiken) is a Japanese term for accounts receivable, which represents the money owed to a company by its customers for goods or services that have been delivered or used but not yet paid for. These receivables are considered an asset on the company's balance sheet because they signify future cash inflows that the company expects to receive.

Managing urikake saiken effectively is crucial for maintaining healthy cash flow and ensuring the financial stability of a business. Companies need to track and collect these receivables promptly to avoid cash shortages and potential financial difficulties. Effective accounts receivable management involves setting credit policies, monitoring outstanding invoices, and following up with customers to ensure timely payments.

In summary, urikake saiken is a key component of a company's financial management, reflecting the company's sales made on credit and the expected future cash receipts from those sales.

卸売業 (oroshiurigyo) is the Japanese term for wholesale business, which involves selling goods in large quantities to retailers, other businesses, or institutions rather than to the end consumers. Wholesalers act as intermediaries between manufacturers and retailers, purchasing products in bulk and distributing them to various outlets.

This business model allows manufacturers to reach a broader market without managing numerous small transactions and helps retailers and other businesses access a wide range of products from different manufacturers through a single source. Oroshiurigyo plays a crucial role in the supply chain by ensuring the efficient distribution of goods, reducing costs through economies of scale, and maintaining inventory management.

In Japan, wholesale businesses are essential for the smooth operation of the market, providing a link between production and retail and facilitating the flow of goods from producers to consumers.

副本 (fukuhon) is a Japanese term that refers to a duplicate or copy of an original document. This copy is created to serve as an official record or for reference purposes, ensuring that the information contained in the original document is preserved and accessible without risking damage or loss to the original.

Fukuhon is commonly used in various administrative, legal, and business contexts, where maintaining accurate and accessible records is crucial. For example, a fukuhon of a contract might be kept by both parties involved, or a company might maintain copies of important financial documents for auditing and compliance purposes.