Japanese Business Glossary

The phrase 課題 わかり やすく (kadai wakari yasuku) means "make the issue easy to understand" or "explain the problem clearly."

It's often used to emphasize the importance of presenting or explaining a task, issue, or problem in a straightforward and comprehensible manner.

代表社員 (daihyo shain) translates to representative partner or representative member in English. In the context of Japanese corporate structures, it refers to the individual or individuals who have the authority to act on behalf of the company, similar to a company representative or managing partner in other jurisdictions.

The daihyo shain has the legal authority to bind the company in contracts, legal matters, and other significant business activities. This term is often used in the context of partnerships, particularly in a 合同会社 (Godo Gaisha, or LLC) or 合名会社 (Gomei Gaisha, or General Partnership). The daihyo shain bears significant responsibility and is often liable for the company's actions, particularly in a 合名会社 where partners have unlimited liability.

The daihyo shain is appointed according to the company’s internal rules or partnership agreement and must be registered with the Legal Affairs Bureau in Japan.

A 宗教法人 (shukyo hojin) is a "religious corporation" in Japan. This legal status is given to organizations primarily engaged in religious activities. The Religious Corporations Act, established in 1951, governs the formation, operation, and dissolution of these entities.

Religious corporations enjoy certain benefits, such as tax exemptions on donations and property used for religious purposes. They must register with the local government, providing details about their religious activities, leadership, and financial management.

The main requirements to form a 宗教法人 include having a constitution or articles of incorporation, a board of directors, and being engaged in continuous religious activities.

訴訟 (sosho) is the Japanese term for a lawsuit or litigation. It refers to the process of bringing a legal dispute before a court for resolution. This can involve various stages, including filing a complaint, presenting evidence, and awaiting a judgment. Litigation can be used to settle disputes in areas such as contracts, property, or personal injury.

損害 (songai) in Japanese means "damage" or "loss." It refers to harm or injury that affects a person, property, or business, resulting in a financial or material deficit. In a business context, songai might relate to financial losses, damage to assets, or other detrimental impacts that affect the company's operations or profitability.

懲戒処分 (chokai shobun) refers to disciplinary action taken against an employee for violating company rules or policies. This can include various measures depending on the severity of the misconduct, such as warnings or reprimands, suspension from work, reduction in salary, demotion, or dismissal. The purpose of chokai shobun is to maintain workplace discipline and ensure that employees adhere to company standards. The process and specific actions are usually defined in the company's internal regulations or employment contracts.