資本金 (shihonkin) refers to "capital stock" or "share capital" in English. It represents the total amount of money that shareholders have invested in a company by purchasing shares. This capital is used to fund the company's operations, growth, and development. In a company's balance sheet, shihonkin is recorded as part of the shareholders' equity and indicates the financial foundation upon which the company is built. It is a crucial component in determining the financial health and stability of a business.

審査 (shinsa) refers to "examination," "screening," "review," or "assessment" in English. It involves a thorough evaluation or inspection of something to determine its quality, validity, compliance, or suitability based on specific criteria or standards. This term is commonly used in various contexts, such as loan applications, job candidate evaluations, quality control processes, and academic admissions, where a detailed and careful review is necessary to make informed decisions.

損料 (sonryo) refers to "rental fee" or "hire charge" in English. It is the fee paid for renting or hiring an object, equipment, or property. This term is commonly used in contexts where a payment is made for the temporary use of something that belongs to another person or entity. For example, it could refer to the cost of renting machinery, vehicles, or real estate.

ドル建て (dorudate) refers to transactions or financial instruments that are denominated in US dollars. In the context of business and finance in Japan, this means that the value of the transaction, investment, or financial product is expressed in US dollars rather than Japanese yen or any other currency.

For example, if a Japanese company issues bonds that are denominated in US dollars, these bonds are referred to as ドル建て債券 (dorudate saiken), meaning dollar-denominated bonds. This is common in international trade and finance, where businesses may prefer to use a stable and widely accepted currency like the US dollar.

出張 (shuccho) means "business trip" or "official trip" in Japanese. It refers to travel undertaken for work purposes, typically involving employees traveling to different locations, either domestically or internationally, to perform job-related tasks, attend meetings, or participate in conferences and events.

During shuccho, employees may engage in various activities such as meeting clients, conducting site visits, or representing their company at industry events. The term highlights the official nature of the travel, distinguishing it from personal or leisure travel.

株式併合 (kabushiki heigo) refers to a "reverse stock split" or "reverse share split" in Japanese. This is a corporate action in which a company reduces the number of its outstanding shares by merging multiple existing shares into a smaller number of new shares.

For example, in a 1-for-2 reverse stock split, shareholders would receive one new share for every two shares they previously held. While the total number of shares decreases, the overall value of the shares remains the same, resulting in an increase in the share price.

Companies might undertake kabushiki heigo to increase the stock price, meet stock exchange listing requirements, or reduce the number of shareholders.