抹消 (masshou) refers to the cancellation or removal of a registration or record. In legal and administrative contexts in Japan, it typically involves the official deletion of entries from public records or registries.

For instance, in real estate, masshou may be used to cancel a mortgage registration once the loan has been fully repaid. In corporate settings, it could involve the removal of a company from the commercial registry if the business is dissolved or ceases operations. The process ensures that records are kept accurate and up-to-date, reflecting the current legal status of properties, businesses, and other entities. This administrative action is crucial for maintaining the integrity of legal and public records, providing clarity and certainty in various transactions and legal matters.

準委任契約 (juninin keiyaku) refers to a quasi-mandate contract in Japan, which is a type of agreement where one party (the mandator) entrusts another party (the mandatary) with the performance of specific tasks or duties without transferring authority to make decisions on behalf of the mandator. This contract is characterized by the obligation of the mandatary to act according to the instructions of the mandator, carrying out tasks with diligence and care.

Unlike a full mandate contract, a juninin keiyaku does not grant the mandatary the power to represent the mandator in legal matters. Instead, it focuses on the performance of particular tasks such as consulting, advising, or carrying out specific projects. This type of contract is often used in professional services, where experts are hired to provide their expertise and perform defined duties without taking over decision-making authority. The relationship between the parties is based on trust and cooperation, ensuring that the tasks are completed efficiently and in accordance with the mandator's requirements.

売り上げ (uriage) refers to sales or revenue in a business context. It represents the total income generated from the sale of goods or services over a specific period, typically measured in monetary terms. 売り上げ is a crucial indicator of a company's performance and financial health, reflecting the effectiveness of its sales strategies, market demand, and overall business operations.

Monitoring uriage helps businesses assess their growth, identify trends, and make informed decisions about production, marketing, and expansion. It is often analyzed in conjunction with other financial metrics, such as profit margins and expenses, to provide a comprehensive view of the company's economic status.

賞与 (shoyo) refers to "bonus" or "annual bonus" in a Japanese employment context. It is a form of additional compensation given to employees, typically based on their performance and the company’s profitability. In Japan, bonuses are usually paid twice a year, often in summer and winter, and can constitute a significant portion of an employee's total annual income.

These bonuses are designed to reward employees for their hard work, motivate them, and align their interests with the company's success. The amount of the shoyo can vary widely depending on the industry, company performance, and the individual employee's role and contributions. For many employees, receiving a 賞与 is an expected part of their compensation package, playing a crucial role in financial planning and job satisfaction.

出向 (shukkou) refers to "temporary transfer" or "secondment" in a Japanese business context. It involves the assignment of an employee to work at a different company or a different department within the same company for a specified period.

This practice is common in Japan and serves various purposes. For the employee, shukkou can provide opportunities for professional development, gaining new skills, and experiencing different working environments. It also helps employees build broader networks and understand different aspects of the business.

For the company, shukkou can be a strategic move to strengthen partnerships with other companies, foster talent development, and facilitate knowledge transfer. It also allows companies to address staffing needs in specific areas temporarily without permanent hiring.

Upon completing the shukkou period, employees typically return to their original positions or may be reassigned based on the needs of the company and the skills they have acquired during their secondment. This practice helps in building a more versatile and skilled workforce, contributing to the overall growth and adaptability of the organization.

オプション取引 (opushon torihiki) refers to "options trading" in Japanese. It is a type of financial transaction where investors buy and sell options contracts, which give the holder the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying asset at a predetermined price within a specific period.

There are two main types of options: call options and put options. A call option gives the holder the right to buy the underlying asset, while a put option gives the holder the right to sell the underlying asset. Options trading is used for various purposes, including speculation, hedging, and generating income.

Speculators use options to profit from expected price movements of the underlying asset. Hedgers use options to protect against potential losses in their investment portfolios. Additionally, options can be used to generate income through strategies like writing covered calls.

Options trading involves understanding various factors such as strike price, expiration date, volatility, and the pricing of the options themselves. While options trading offers the potential for high returns, it also carries significant risks, requiring a solid understanding of the market and careful management of investment strategies.