暗号化 (angoka) is the Japanese term for "encryption."

Encryption is the process of converting data or information into a code to prevent unauthorized access. This process ensures that only authorized parties can read the data by converting it from its original form (plaintext) into a scrambled format (ciphertext).

The primary purpose of encryption is to protect the confidentiality and integrity of data, whether it is being stored or transmitted. Encryption is widely used in various fields, including finance, healthcare, and communications, to secure sensitive information.

可否 (kahi) is a Japanese term that translates to "approval or disapproval," "pros and cons," or "right or wrong" in English. It is often used to indicate whether something is acceptable or not, or to discuss the positive and negative aspects of a decision or action.

In a business context, kahi might be used to refer to the outcome of a decision-making process, such as the approval or rejection of a proposal, project, or application. For example, a committee might discuss the kahi of a new business plan, weighing its advantages and disadvantages before reaching a decision.

無償 (mushou) is a Japanese term that means "free of charge" or "without compensation." It is often used in contexts where goods or services are provided without requiring payment or monetary exchange. For example, volunteer work is often described as 無償の活動 (mushou no katsudou), meaning activities done for free.

In Japanese law, 幇助 (hojo) refers to "aiding and abetting" or "assistance" in the context of criminal activities. This term is used to describe the act of helping, supporting, or facilitating another person in committing a crime.

A person who engages in hojo might not directly commit the criminal act but provides assistance or encouragement to the main perpetrator. This can include offering advice, providing tools or resources, or helping to plan the crime.

Under Japanese law, individuals who are found guilty of aiding and abetting can be subject to legal penalties, although these may differ from those imposed on the primary offender.

In the context of business in Japan, 基準 (kijun) translates to "standards" or "criteria."

It generally refers to the guidelines or benchmarks set for various processes or activities. These standards can relate to accounting, legal compliance, quality control, or operational procedures.

For instance, in company incorporation, kijun might refer to the criteria that need to be met for the registration process, such as capital requirements, documentation standards, or other regulatory conditions.

In accounting, it might refer to the standards for financial reporting and tax compliance. Understanding and adhering to these standards is crucial for operating a business legally and effectively in Japan.

教示 (kyoji) means "instruction" or "guidance" in English. It refers to the act of teaching, instructing, or providing guidance and information to someone. It is commonly used in educational or professional contexts where specific directions or explanations are needed.