Japanese Business Glossary

人格 (jinkaku) means "character" or "personality" in Japanese. It refers to the set of qualities, traits, and behaviors that define an individual’s character and influence how they interact with others. Jinkaku encompasses aspects such as moral values, integrity, temperament, and social skills. It is often discussed in contexts related to personal development, psychology, and education. A person's jinkaku plays a crucial role in their personal and professional relationships, impacting their reputation and the way they are perceived by others.

昨今 (sakkon) means "recently" or "nowadays" in Japanese. It refers to the current period or the present time, often used to describe trends, events, or situations that are occurring in the present. This term is commonly used in discussions about contemporary issues, changes, or developments in society, technology, culture, or any other field. For example, one might say 昨今の経済状況 (sakkon no keizai jokyo) to refer to the current economic situation. Using sakkon emphasizes the relevance and timeliness of the subject matter being discussed, highlighting its importance in the current context.

非課税枠 (hikazei waku) means "tax-free limit" or "tax exemption limit" in Japanese. It refers to the amount of income, gifts, or other financial assets that are exempt from taxation up to a certain threshold. This concept is commonly used in various tax regulations to define the limits within which individuals or entities do not have to pay taxes on their earnings or holdings. For example, in the context of gift tax, hikazei waku would specify the maximum amount of a gift that can be given without incurring tax. Understanding the hikazei waku is important for financial planning and compliance with tax laws, as it allows individuals and businesses to optimize their tax liabilities legally.

資する (shisuru) means "to contribute" or "to be conducive to" in Japanese. It is used to describe actions, efforts, or factors that help achieve a particular goal or benefit a specific situation. For example, in a business context, a strategy or decision that shisuru the company's growth means it contributes positively to the company's development and success. This term emphasizes the role of contributing elements in bringing about a desired outcome, highlighting their importance and impact in various contexts, such as economic growth, social progress, or individual achievements.

諸掛り (shogakari) refers to "various expenses" or "miscellaneous costs" in Japanese. It encompasses all the incidental or additional costs that may arise in the course of conducting a business, completing a project, or performing an activity. These expenses are not typically categorized under main headings like materials or labor but are still necessary for the completion of tasks. For example, in a business setting, shogakari might include costs for utilities, minor supplies, transportation, or administrative fees.

借入金 (kariirekin) means "borrowed money" or "loan" in Japanese. It refers to the amount of money that an individual or organization has borrowed from a lender, which must be repaid over time, usually with interest. This term is commonly used in financial contexts, such as personal loans, business loans, or mortgages. The borrowed funds can be used for various purposes, including purchasing property, funding business operations, or covering personal expenses. Managing kariirekin effectively is crucial for maintaining financial health, as it involves making regular payments and managing debt to avoid financial difficulties.